2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
  4. DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

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RNA synthesis, which is also called DNA transcription, is a highly selective process. Transcription by RNA polymerase II extends beyond RNA synthesis, towards a more active role in mRNA maturation, surveillance and export to the cytoplasm.

Single-strand breaks are repaired by DNA ligase using the complementary strand of the double helix as a template, with DNA ligase creating the final phosphodiester bond to fully repair the DNA.DNA ligases discriminate against substrates containing RNA strands or mismatched base pairs at positions near the ends of the nickedDNA. Bleomycin (BLM) exerts its genotoxicity by generating free radicals, whichattack C-4′ in the deoxyribose backbone of DNA, leading to opening of the ribose ring and strand breakage; it is an S-independentradiomimetic agent that causes double-strand breaks in DNA.

First strand cDNA is synthesized using random hexamer primers and M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase (RNase H). Second strand cDNA synthesis is subsequently performed using DNA Polymerase I and RNase H. The remaining overhangs are converted into blunt ends using exonuclease/polymerase activity. After adenylation of the 3′ ends of DNA fragments, NEBNext Adaptor with hairpin loop structure is ligated to prepare the samples for hybridization. Cell cycle and DNA replication are the top two pathways regulated by BET bromodomain inhibition. Cycloheximide blocks the translation of mRNA to protein.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-132137
    5-Propargylamino-3'-azidomethyl-dUTP
    		Chemical
    5-Propargylamino-3'-azidomethyl-dUTP is a nucleoside molecule extracted from patent WO2004018497A2, compound 5. 5-Propargylamino-3'-azidomethyl-dUTP can be used in DNA synthesis and DNA sequencing. 5-Propargylamino-3'-azidomethyl-dUTP is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups. It contains an azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing alkyne groups. It can also undergo ring strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
    5-Propargylamino-3'-azidomethyl-dUTP
  • HY-135078
    2,5-Deoxyfructosazine
    		Inhibitor
    2,5-Deoxyfructosazine is a pyrazine derivative that can be found in cured tobacco and is used as a flavoring agent in the food and tobacco industry. Pyrazines, including 2,5-deoxyfructosazine, can be produced either by pyrolytic decomposition of natural compounds or by the reaction of sugars with alcoholic ammonia. 2,5-Deoxyfructosazine is also formed by the breakdown of D-glucosamine at neutral pH. Like glucosamine, 2,5-deoxyfructosazine has DNA strand breakage activity and strongly inhibits IL-2 production by Jurkat cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (IC50=~1.25 mM).
    2,5-Deoxyfructosazine
  • HY-127039
    Antipain
    		Inhibitor
    Antipain is a protease inhibitor isolated from Actinomycetes. Antipain inhibits N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced transformation and increases chromosomal aberrations. Antipain restricts uterine DNA synthesis and function in mice.
    Antipain
  • HY-101400S4
    Deoxycytidine triphosphate-13C9 dilithium
    		Activator
    Deoxycytidine triphosphate-13C9 (dCTP-13C9 dilithium; 2′-Deoxycytidine-5′-triphosphate-13C9) dilithium is 13C-labeled Deoxycytidine triphosphate (HY-101400). Deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate that can be used for DNA synthesis. Deoxycytidine triphosphate has many applications, such as real-time PCR, cDNA synthesis, and DNA sequencing.
    Deoxycytidine triphosphate-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>9</sub> dilithium
  • HY-N1150S4
    Thymidine-13C-2
    Thymidine-13C-2 is the 13C labeled Thymidine. Thymidine, a specific precursor of deoxyribonucleic acid, is used as a cell synchronizing agent. Thymidine is a DNA synthesis inhibitor that can arrest cell at G1/S boundary, prior to DNA replication
    Thymidine-<sup>13</sup>C-2
  • HY-160079A
    3′-O-Azidomethyl-dCTP sodium
    3′-O-Azidomethyl-dCTP sodium is a labeled modified deoxyoligonucleotide (dNTP) that can release pyrophosphate to produce fluorescence and has special applications in gene synthesis and sequencing.
    3′-O-Azidomethyl-dCTP sodium
  • HY-168583
    WRN inhibitor 11
    		Inhibitor
    WRN inhibitor 11 (Example 17) is an orally active inhibitor of WRN helicase, with the IC50 of 63 nM.
    WRN inhibitor 11
  • HY-B1741A
    3,6-Diaminoacridine dihydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    Proflavine dihydrochloride is a multifunctional acridine compound. 3,6-Diaminoacridine dihydrochloride is an acridine dye and also a DNA inserter. Proflavine dihydrochloride is a potent broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, and its mechanism is to insert into bacterial DNA, interfering with replication and transcription, causing bacterial lysis. 3,6-Diaminoacridine dihydrochloride is a Kir3.2 potassium channel blocker and can be used to study the neurological phenotype of Down syndrome. 3,6-Diaminoacridine dihydrochloride can penetrate the stratum corneum of the skin and accumulate in the cell nucleus and long-term exposure may induce skin cancer or other malignant tumors.
    3,6-Diaminoacridine dihydrochloride
  • HY-168452
    RNase L ligand 1
    		Ligand
    RNase L ligand 1 (Compound F1-COOH) is the ligand for RNase L that can be used for synthesis of F1-RIBOTAC (HY-171148).
    RNase L ligand 1
  • HY-168346
    TS-002455
    TS-002455 (Example 668) is an inhibitor for Lin28a-dep Z11 with an IC50 < 1 μM. TS-002455 is the enantiomer of TS-002266 (HY-169091).
    TS-002455
  • HY-116880
    DS-2969b
    		Inhibitor
    DS-2969b is an orally active GyrB inhibitor with antibacterial activity. DS-2969b is is active against Clostridium difficile infection (MIC90: 0.06 μg/mL), which is 2-, 16-, and 32-fold lower than those of Fidaxomicin (HY-17580), Metronidazole (HY-B0318), and Vancomycin (HY-B0671), respectively. DS-2969b inhibits the supercoiling activity of C. difficile DNA gyrase. DS-2969b also exhibits activity against other Gram-positive anaerobes, including strict and facultative anaerobes. DS-2969b is safe and well tolerated in preclinical toxicology studies.
    DS-2969b
  • HY-N1150S11
    Thymidine-13C10
    		Inhibitor
    Thymidine-13C10 (DThyd-13C10; NSC 21548-13C10) is 13C-labeled Thymidine (HY-N1150). Thymidine, a specific precursor of deoxyribonucleic acid, is used as a cell synchronizing agent. Thymidine is a DNA synthesis inhibitor that can arrest cell at G1/S boundary, prior to DNA replication.
    Thymidine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>10</sub>
  • HY-E70607
    MutS protein, thermophilic bacteria
    MutS protein, thermophilic bacteria is a DNA mismatch-binding protein that can be used to detect mismatched double-stranded DNA (dsDNA).
    MutS protein, thermophilic bacteria
  • HY-135666
    DHODH-IN-8
    		Inhibitor
    DHODH-IN-8 (Compound 27) is an inhibitor of human and Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) with IC50s of 0.13 μM and 47.4 μM, and Kis of 0.016 μM and 5.6 μM, respectively. DHODH-IN-8 has antimalarial activity.
    DHODH-IN-8
  • HY-164497
    NSC 641396
    		Inhibitor
    NSC 641396 is a ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.2 μM. NSC 641396 is also a protein arginine N-methyltransferase 9 (PRMT9) inhibitor. NSC 641396 has antitumor activity.
    NSC 641396
  • HY-P9959
    Inotuzumab ozogamicin
    		Inhibitor
    Inotuzumab ozogamicin (CMC-544) is an anti-CD22 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Inotuzumab ozogamicin consists of a humanized IgG4 anti-CD22 mAb, covalently linked to Calicheamicin (HY-19609) via an acid-labile AcBut (HY-132261) linker. The antibody portion is Inotuzumab (HY-P99264), and the drug-linker conjugate for ADC is N-Ac-γ-Calicheamicin-AcBut-NHS ester (HY-103688). Inotuzumab ozogamicin binds to the minor groove of DNA, inducing double-strand cleavage and subsequent apoptosis. Inotuzumab ozogamicin can be used for the study of relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
    Inotuzumab ozogamicin
  • HY-B0268AR
    Enoxacin hydrate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Enoxacin (hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Enoxacin (hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Enoxacin hydrate (Enoxacin sesquihydrate), a fluoroquinolone, interferes with DNA replication and inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase (IC50=126 μg/ml) and topoisomerase IV (IC50=26.5 μg/ml). Enoxacin hydrate is a miRNA processing activator and enhances siRNA-mediated mRNA degradation and promotes the biogenesis of endogenous miRNAs. Enoxacin hydrate has potent activities against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Enoxacin hydrate is a cancer-specific growth inhibitor that acts by enhancing TAR RNA-binding protein 2 (TRBP)-mediated microRNA processing[4].
    Enoxacin hydrate (Standard)
  • HY-169423
    WRN inhibitor 17
    		Inhibitor
    WRN inhibitor 17 (Compound 250) is an orally active Werner Syndrome ATP dependent helicase enzyme (WRN) inhibitor, in particular inhibit WRN helicase domain activity. WRN inhibitor 17 is promising for research of cancers.
    WRN inhibitor 17
  • HY-150144
    Uracil-m7GpppAmpG ammonium
    		Modulator
    Uracil-m7GpppAmpG ammonium is a cap analog that can be used for mRNA synthesis.
    Uracil-m7GpppAmpG ammonium
  • HY-115755
    Thio-ITP
    		Inhibitor
    Thio-ITP (6-Thioinosine 5′-triphosphate) is an RNA polymerase activity competitive inhibitor. Thio-ITP has a high apparent affinity for the polymerases (RNA polymerase I Ki: 40.9 μM; RNA polymerase II Ki: 38.0 μM).
    Thio-ITP
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity